Trauma Nurse Core Course (TNCC) Practice Exam

What indicates a need for rapid sequence intubation in trauma patients?

1. Active vomiting

2. Very low blood pressure

3. Open fractures of long bones

4. Presence of facial lacerations

The correct answer is: Active vomiting

Active vomiting is a significant concern in trauma patients as it poses a high risk for aspiration. Aspiration occurs when food, liquid, or vomit is inhaled into the lungs, which can lead to severe complications such as aspiration pneumonia or airway obstruction. In a trauma scenario, where patients may have altered levels of consciousness or impaired protective airway reflexes, the likelihood of aspiration increases. When a patient presents with active vomiting, they may not be able to secure their airway appropriately, making rapid sequence intubation (RSI) necessary. RSI allows for the swift and controlled placement of an endotracheal tube, ensuring that the airway is protected and preventing the complications associated with aspiration. Proper airway management is crucial in trauma care, and rapid sequence intubation provides clinicians with a method to quickly secure the airway while minimizing the risk of additional injuries or complications. Other indicators such as very low blood pressure, open fractures of long bones, and the presence of facial lacerations, while important aspects of trauma management, do not directly necessitate rapid sequence intubation to the same extent as active vomiting does. These issues may require different interventions or supportive care but are not primarily associated with the imminent risk of airway compromise that active vomiting presents.